Who Is The Most Highly Decorated Soldier In Us History?

US Army officer and actor (1925–1971)

Audie Potato
Audie Tater photographed in 1948 wearing the U.South. Ground forces khaki "Grade A" (tropical service) compatible with full-size medals.
Birth name	Audie Leon Potato
Built-in	(1925-06-twenty)20 June 1925[ALM 1] Kingston, Texas, U.Due south.
Died	28 May 1971(1971-05-28) (aged 45) Brush Mountain, about Catawba, Craig Canton, Virginia, U.Due south.
Buried	Arlington National Cemetery
Fidelity	United states of America
Service/branch	United States Regular army United States Regular army National Baby-sit The states Army Reserve
Years of service	1942–45 (U.S. Army) 1950–66 (Texas Army National Guard) 1966–69 (U.Southward. Army Reserves)
Rank	First Lieutenant (U.S.) Major (Texas Ground forces National Baby-sit)
Service number	18083707 (every bit enlisted man)[one] 01692509 (as officeholder)[2] [i]
Unit	15th Infantry Regiment tertiary Infantry Division (US) 36th Infantry Sectionalisation (Texas Army National Baby-sit)
Battles/wars	World State of war Ii Tunisia Sicily Naples-Foggia Anzio Rome-Arno Southern France Ardennes-Alsace Rhineland Central Europe
Awards	Medal of Honor Distinguished Service Cross Silvery Star Medal (2) Legion of Merit Bronze Star (ii, 1 "5" device) Purple Heart (3) Ground forces Good Conduct Medal Distinguished Unit of measurement Citation (2) American Entrada Medal European-African-Middle Eastern Entrada Medal (9 campaigns, arrowhead device) World War II Victory Medal Army of Occupation Medal with Germany clasp French Legion of Honour (grade of Chevalier) French Croix de Guerre with silvery star French Croix de Guerre with palm (3) Belgian Croix de Guerre with palm French fourragère in colors of the Croix de Guerre Combat Infantryman Badge Marksman Bluecoat with Rifle Component Bar Expert Badge with Bayonet Component Bar Outstanding Civilian Service Medal Texas Legislative Medal of Award
Other work	Actor, songwriter, rancher
Signature
Website	Audie L. Murphy

Audie Leon Murphy (twenty June 1925 – 28 May 1971) was an American soldier, actor, songwriter, and rancher. He was one of the well-nigh decorated American combat soldiers of World War Ii. He received every military combat award for valor bachelor from the U.S. Regular army, equally well as French and Belgian awards for heroism. White potato received the Medal of Accolade for valor that he demonstrated at the historic period of 19 for single-handedly holding off a visitor of German soldiers for an hour at the Colmar Pocket in French republic in January 1945, so leading a successful counterattack while wounded and out of armament.

Tater was built-in into a large family of sharecroppers in Hunt County, Texas. His begetter abandoned them, and his female parent died when he was a teenager. Murphy left school in fifth grade to pick cotton and find other piece of work to aid support his family unit; his skill with a hunting burglarize helped feed his family.

Later the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Tater'south older sis helped him to falsify documentation about his birthdate in society to meet the minimum age requirement for enlisting in the military. Turned down initially for existence underweight past the Ground forces, Navy and the Marine Corps, he eventually was able to enlist in the Ground forces. He start saw action in the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily; then in 1944 he participated in the Battle of Anzio, the liberation of Rome, and the invasion of southern France. Murphy fought at Montélimar and led his men on a successful attack at L'Omet quarry near Cleurie in northward-eastern France in October.

After the war, Murphy embarked on a 21-twelvemonth interim career. He played himself in the 1955 autobiographical film To Hell and Back, based on his 1949 memoirs of the aforementioned proper noun, just most of his roles were in westerns. He made guest appearances on celebrity television shows and starred in the serial Whispering Smith. Murphy was a fairly accomplished songwriter. He bred quarter horses in California and Arizona, and became a regular participant in horse racing.

Suffering from what would today be described every bit mail traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Murphy slept with a loaded handgun nether his pillow. He looked for solace in addictive sleeping pills. In his last few years, he was plagued past money problems but refused offers to announced in alcohol and cigarette commercials considering he did not desire to set a bad example. Murphy died in a aeroplane crash in Virginia in 1971, shortly before his 46th altogether. He was interred with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery, where his grave is one of the nigh visited.

Early on life

Audie Potato was built-in on 20 June 1925, in Kingston, a small rural community in Chase County in northeastern Texas.^{[ALM ane]} He was the seventh of twelve children born to Emmett Berry Potato (1887–1976) and his wife Josie Bell Spud (née Killian; 1891–1941). The Murphys were sharecroppers of Irish descent.^[seven]

Every bit a kid, Murphy was a loner with mood swings and an explosive temper.^[eight] He grew upwardly in northeastern Texas around the towns of Farmersville, Greenville, and Celeste, where he attended simple school.^[9] His male parent drifted in and out of the family unit'south life and somewhen deserted them. Murphy dropped out of schoolhouse in fifth grade and got a job picking cotton for a dollar a day (equivalent to $20 in 2021) to aid support his family; he as well became skilled with a rifle, hunting minor game to help feed them. After his mother died of endocarditis and pneumonia^[x] in 1941, he worked at a radio repair shop and at a combination full general store, garage and gas station in Greenville.^[eleven] Hunt County authorities placed his three youngest siblings in Boles Children'due south Domicile,^[12] a Christian orphanage in Quinlan. After the war, he bought a house in Farmersville for his eldest sister Corinne and her hubby, Poland Burns. His other siblings briefly shared the dwelling.^[13]

The loss of his female parent stayed with Spud throughout his life. He afterward stated:

She died when I was sixteen. She had the most beautiful hair I've always seen. It reached well-nigh to the floor. She rarely talked; and ever seemed to be searching for something. What it was I don't know. We didn't hash out our feelings. Just when she passed away, she took something of me with her. It seems I've been searching for it ever since.^[fourteen]

World War II service

Murphy had always wanted to be a soldier. Later on the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, he tried to enlist,^[11] but the Regular army, Navy and Marine Corps all turned him down for being underweight and underage. After his sister provided an affidavit that falsified his birth engagement past a year, he was accepted by the U.Due south. Regular army on 30 June 1942.^{[ALM ane] [ALM 2]} Later on bones training at Camp Wolters,^[nineteen] he was sent to Fort Meade for advanced infantry training.^[20] During basic training, he earned the Marksman Badge with Rifle Component Bar and Adept Badge with Bayonet Component Bar.^[21]

Mediterranean Theater

Tater was shipped to Casablanca in French Kingdom of morocco on 20 Feb 1943. He was assigned to Company B, 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Sectionalisation, which trained under the command of Major General Lucian Truscott.^{[22] [23]} After the 13 May surrender of the Axis forces in French Tunisia,^[24] the partition was put in charge of the prisoners.^[25] He participated as a platoon messenger with his division at Arzew in Algeria in rigorous preparation for the Allied set on landings in Sicily.^[26] Tater was promoted to private first class on 7 May and corporal on 15 July.^{[27] [28]}

When the tertiary Infantry landed at Licata, Sicily, on x July, Spud was a division runner.^{[29] [30]} On a scouting patrol, he killed two fleeing Italian officers near Canicattì.^[31] Sidelined with illness for a calendar week when Visitor B arrived in Palermo on twenty July,^[32] he rejoined them when they were assigned to a hillside location protecting a machine-gun emplacement, while the rest of the 3rd Infantry Segmentation fought at San Fratello en route to the Allied capture of the transit port of Messina.^[33]

Murphy participated in the September 1943 mainland Salerno landing at Battipaglia.^[34] While on a scouting party along the Volturno River, he and two other soldiers were ambushed; High german automobile gun fire killed one soldier. Murphy and the other survivor responded by killing v Germans with paw grenades and machine gun burn.^[35] While taking part in the October Allied set on on the Volturno Line,^{[34] [36]} near Mignano Monte Lungo Hill 193, he and his visitor repelled an attack by seven German soldiers, killing iii and taking four prisoner.^[37] Murphy was promoted to sergeant on 13 December.^[38]

In Jan 1944, Murphy was promoted to staff sergeant.^[38] He was hospitalized in Naples with malaria on 21 January and was unable to participate in the initial landing at the Anzio beachhead.^[39] He returned on 29 January and participated in the First Battle of Cisterna,^{[40] [41]} and was made a platoon sergeant in Visitor B following the battle.^[42] He returned with the 3rd Division to Anzio, where they remained four months.^[43] Taking shelter from the weather in an abandoned farmhouse on 2 March, Potato and his platoon killed the crew of a passing High german tank.^[44] He then crawled out alone close plenty to destroy the tank with rifle grenades, for which he received the Bronze Star with "V" device.^{[45] [46]}

Murphy continued to brand scouting patrols to take German prisoners before being hospitalized for a calendar week on 13 March with a 2d tour of malaria. Sixty-ane infantry officers and enlisted men of Company B, 15th Infantry, including Murphy, were awarded the Combat Infantryman Badge on 8 May.^[47]

Irish potato was awarded a Statuary Oak Leafage Cluster for his Bronze Star.^{[48] [49]} American forces liberated Rome on 4 June, and Irish potato remained bivouacked in Rome with his platoon throughout July.^[l]

European Theater

During the first wave of the Allied invasion of southern French republic, Murphy received the Distinguished Service Cross^{[51] [52]} for activeness taken on 15 August 1944.^[53] After landing on Yellow Beach near Ramatuelle,^[54] Murphy'south platoon was making its way through a vineyard when the men were attacked by German soldiers. He retrieved a motorcar gun that had been detached from the squad and returned fire at the German soldiers, killing two and wounding one.^[54] Two Germans exited a firm about 100 yards (91 m) away and appeared to surrender; when Murphy'due south best friend responded, they shot and killed him. Murphy advanced lone on the firm under direct fire. He killed six, wounded two and took 11 prisoner.^[54]

Irish potato was with the 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment during the 27–28 August offensive at Montélimar that secured the area from the Germans.^{[53] [55]} Along with the other soldiers who took part in the action, he received the Presidential Unit Commendation.^[56]

Tater's first Purple Heart was for a heel wound received in a mortar trounce blast on 15 September 1944 in northeastern France.^{[57] [58] [59]} His first Silver Star came subsequently he killed four and wounded three at a German car gun position on 2 October at L'Omet quarry in the Cleurie valley.^[51] Three days subsequently, Murphy crawled alone towards the Germans at 50'Omet, carrying an SCR-536 radio and directing his men for an hour while the Germans fired directly at him. When his men finally took the hill, 15 Germans had been killed and 35 wounded. Murphy'southward deportment earned him a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for his Silver Star.^[sixty] He was awarded a battleground commission to 2d lieutenant on 14 Oct, which elevated him to platoon leader.^[61] While en route to Brouvelieures on 26 October, the tertiary Platoon of Visitor B was attacked by a High german sniper group. Spud captured two earlier being shot in the hip past a sniper; he returned burn down and shot the sniper betwixt the eyes. At the third General Hospital at Aix-en-Provence,^[62] the removal of gangrene from the wound caused partial loss of his hip muscle and kept him out of combat until Jan.^[51] Murphy received his first Statuary Oak Leaf Cluster for his Purple Center for this injury.^{[63] [64]}

The Colmar Pocket, 850 foursquare miles (2,200 km²) in the Vosges Mountains, had been held by German troops since Nov 1944.^[65] On xiv January 1945, Spud rejoined his platoon, which had been moved to the Colmar expanse in Dec.^[66] He moved with the third Sectionalisation on 24 January to the town of Holtzwihr, where they faced a stiff German counterattack.^[67] He was wounded in both legs, for which he received a second Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for his Purple Centre.^[68] As the company awaited reinforcements on 26 Jan, he was made commander of Company B.^[69]

The Germans scored a direct hit on an M10 tank destroyer, setting information technology alight, forcing the coiffure to abandon it.^[lxx] Irish potato ordered his men to retreat to positions in the forest, remaining alone at his postal service, shooting his M1 carbine and directing arms fire via his field radio while the Germans aimed fire straight at his position.^[71] Murphy mounted the abandoned, called-for tank destroyer and began firing its .50 caliber motorcar gun at the advancing Germans, killing a team itch through a ditch towards him.^[72] For an hour, Murphy stood on the flaming tank destroyer returning German fire from foot soldiers and advancing tanks, killing or wounding fifty Germans. He sustained a leg wound during his stand, and stopped only after he ran out of ammunition. Murphy rejoined his men, disregarding his own injury, and led them back to repel the Germans. He insisted on remaining with his men while his wounds were treated.^[seventy]

For his actions that 24-hour interval, he was awarded the Medal of Honor.^[73] The 3rd Infantry Division was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for its deportment at the Colmar Pocket, giving Spud a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for the emblem.^[74]

On 16 February, Tater was promoted to beginning lieutenant^[75] and was awarded the Legion of Merit for his service from 22 January 1944 to eighteen February 1945.^[76] He was moved from the forepart lines to Regimental Headquarters and made a liaison officeholder.^[77]

Decorations

Army version of the Medal of Honor

The U.s. additionally honored Irish potato'southward war contributions with the American Campaign Medal,^[78] the European–African–Middle Eastern Entrada Medal with arrowhead device and ix campaign stars, the World War II Victory Medal,^[78] and the Army of Occupation Medal with Deutschland Clasp.^{[46] [78]} France recognized his service with the French Legion of Laurels – Grade of Chevalier,^[79] the French Croix de guerre with Silver Star,^[80] the French Croix de guerre with Palm,^[81] the French Liberation Medal^{[46] [78]} and the French Fourragère in Colors of the Croix de guerre,^[46] which was authorized for all members of the 3rd Infantry Sectionalization who fought in France during Globe State of war Two. Kingdom of belgium awarded Murphy the Belgian Croix de guerre with 1940 Palm.^[81]

Brigadier Full general Ralph B. Lovett and Lieutenant Colonel Hallet D. Edson recommended Spud for the Medal of Honor.^{[82] [83]} Near Salzburg, Republic of austria on 2 June 1945,^[84] Lieutenant Full general A.One thousand. Patch^[xiii] presented Spud with the Medal of Honor and Legion of Merit for his actions at Holtzwihr. When asked later on the state of war why he had seized the auto gun and taken on an unabridged company of German infantry, he replied, "They were killing my friends."^[85]

White potato received every U.S. armed services combat honor for valor available from the U.Southward. Army for his World War Ii service.^{[ALM 3]}

Postwar military service

Inquiries were made through official channels about the prospect of Murphy attending West Point upon his return to the Us, only he never enrolled.^{[half-dozen] [88]} According to author Don Graham, Spud suggested the idea and then dropped it, possibly when he realized the extent of academic preparation needed to laissez passer the entrance examination.^[89]

Irish potato was ane of several military personnel who received orders on viii June 1945 to study to Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas, for temporary duty and reassignment.^{[6] [88]} Upon inflow on 13 June, he was one of iv assigned to Fort Sam Houston Army Footing & Services Redistribution Station and sent home for 30 days of recuperation, with permission to travel anywhere within the United states during that flow.^[6] While on leave, Murphy was feted with parades, banquets, and speeches.^[ninety] He received a belated Good Conduct Medal on 21 Baronial.^[91]

He was discharged with the rank of commencement lieutenant at a fifty percent disability classification on 21 September and transferred to the Officers' Reserve Corps.^{[ALM 4]}

Mail service-traumatic stress

Since his military service, Murphy had been plagued with insomnia and bouts of depression, and he slept with a loaded pistol under his pillow.^{[93] [94]} A mail-service medical examination on 17 June 1947 revealed symptoms of headaches, vomiting, and nightmares virtually the war. His medical records indicated that he took sleeping pills to assistance foreclose nightmares.^[95] During the mid-1960s, he recognized his dependence on the sedative Placidyl, and locked himself lone in a hotel room for a week to successfully suspension the addiction.^[13] Postal service-traumatic stress levels exacerbated his innate moodiness,^[viii] and surfaced in episodes that friends and professional colleagues found alarming.^[96] His first married woman, Dixie Wanda Hendrix, claimed he once held her at gunpoint.^[97] She witnessed her husband being guilt-ridden and bawling over newsreel footage of German war orphans.^[98] Murphy briefly found a creative stress outlet in writing poetry afterward his Army discharge. His poem "The Crosses Abound on Anzio" appeared in his volume To Hell and Dorsum,^[99] but was attributed to the fictitious character Kerrigan.^[100]

To draw attention to the problems of returning Korean War and Vietnam War veterans, Murphy spoke out candidly nigh his own problems with posttraumatic stress disorder.^[101] Information technology was known during Murphy'south lifetime as "battle fatigue" and "beat out shock", terminology that dated back to Globe War I. He called on the government to give increased consideration and study to the emotional impact of combat experiences, and to extend health care benefits to war veterans.^{[102] [103]} As a result of legislation introduced by U.S. Congressman Olin Teague v months afterward Tater's death in 1971, the Audie L. Spud Memorial VA Infirmary^[104] in San Antonio, now a role of the South Texas Veterans Health Intendance Organization, was dedicated in 1973.^{[105] [106]}

Texas Army National Guard

At the end of Earth War II, the 36th Infantry Segmentation reverted to state control as role of the Texas Army National Guard,^[107] and Tater's friends, Major General H. Miller Ainsworth and Brigadier General Carl L. Phinney, were the 36th's commander and deputy commander respectively. After 25 June 1950 starting time of the Korean War, Murphy began a 2nd military career and was commissioned every bit a helm in the 36th Infantry Division of the Texas Ground forces National Guard.^{[108] [109]} He drilled new recruits in the summertime training camps, and granted the Baby-sit permission to use his name and image in recruiting materials.^[110] Although he wanted to join the fighting and juggled training activities with his film career, the 36th Infantry Division was never sent to Korea.^{[111] [112]}

At his request, he transferred to inactive status on 1 October 1951 considering of his film commitments with MGM Studios, and returned to active status in 1955. Potato was promoted to the rank of major by the Texas Ground forces National Guard in 1956 and returned to inactive status in 1957.^[113] In 1969, his official separation from the Guard transferred him to the The states Army Reserve.^[114] He remained with the USAR until his transfer to the Retired Reserve in 1969.^[115]

Moving-picture show career

During an acting career spanning from 1948 to 1969, Murphy fabricated more than 40 characteristic films and one tv set series.^{[ALM 5]} When player and producer James Cagney saw the 16 July 1945 effect of Life magazine depicting Murphy as the "virtually decorated soldier",^[87] he brought him to Hollywood. Cagney and his brother William signed him as a contract thespian for their production visitor and gave him preparation in acting, vox and trip the light fantastic toe. They never cast Irish potato in a film and a personal disagreement concluded the association in 1947.^[117] Murphy afterward worked with acting omnibus Estelle Harman, and honed his diction by reciting dialogue from William Shakespeare and William Saroyan.^[118]

Murphy moved into Terry Hunt's Able-bodied Club in Hollywood where he lived until 1948.^{[119] [120]} Hollywood writer David "Spec" McClure befriended Irish potato, collaborating with him on Murphy's 1949 book To Hell and Dorsum.^[121] McClure used his connections to get a $500 (equivalent to $half-dozen,000 in 2021) bit part in Texas, Brooklyn & Heaven (1948) for Tater.^[122] The agent of Wanda Hendrix, whom Irish potato had been dating since 1946,^[123] got him a bit function in the Alan Ladd film Beyond Glory directed past John Farrow earlier that same year.^[124] His 1949 film Bad Male child gave him his commencement leading role.^[125] The motion-picture show's financial backers refused to bankroll the projection unless Spud was given the lead;^[126] thus, Centrolineal Artists put aside their reservations nearly using an inexperienced actor and gave him the starring role.^[127]

Murphy in The Red Badge of Courage

Universal Studios signed White potato to a seven-year studio contract at $2,500 a calendar week (equivalent to $28,200 in 2021).^{[128] [129]} His first moving picture for them was as Billy the Kid in The Kid from Texas in 1950. He wrapped up that twelvemonth making Sierra starring Wanda Hendrix, who by that fourth dimension had become his wife,^[130] and Kansas Raiders equally outlaw Jesse James. Universal lent him to MGM in 1951 at a salary of $25,000^[131] to play the lead of The Youth^{[ALM half dozen]} in The Red Badge of Courage, directed by John Huston.^[133] Murphy and Huston worked together over again in the 1960 film The Unforgiven.^[134]

The only film Spud made in 1952 was The Duel at Silver Creek with director Don Siegel. Irish potato worked with Siegel one more fourth dimension in 1958 for The Gun Runners. In 1953, he starred in Frederick de Cordova's Cavalcade South,^[135] and played Jim Harvey in Nathan Juran's Tumbleweed, an adaptation of the Kenneth Perkins novel Three Were Renegades.^{[136] [137]} Managing director Nathan Juran as well directed Gunsmoke and Drums Across the River.^[138] George Marshall directed Murphy in the 1954 Destry, a remake of Destry Rides Again, based on a character created past writer Max Brand.^[139]

Although Murphy was initially reluctant to appear equally himself in To Hell and Back , the 1955 adaptation of his book directed by Jesse Hibbs, he somewhen agreed;^[140] it became the biggest hit in the history of Universal Studios at the fourth dimension.^{[141] [142]} To help publicize the release of the film, he made invitee appearances on tv shows such equally What's My Line?,^{[ALM seven]} Toast of the Town,^[143] and Colgate Comedy Hour.^{[ALM viii]} The Hibbs-Tater squad proved so successful in To Hell and Back ^[144] that the two worked together on five subsequent films. The partnership resulted in Tater appearing equally John Phillip Clum in the 1956 western Walk the Proud Land,^[145] and the non-westerns Joe Butterfly ^[146] and World in My Corner. They worked together for the last time in the 1958 western Ride a Crooked Trail.^[147]

Joseph L. Mankiewicz hired Murphy to play the titular role^{[ALM nine]} in the 1958 flick The Serenity American.^[149] Murphy formed a partnership with Harry Joe Brown to make iii films, starting with The Guns of Fort Petticoat (1957). The partnership roughshod into disagreement over the remaining two projects, and Brown filed suit against Spud.^[150]

In 1957 Murphy was cast equally The Utica Kid along with James Stewart and Dan Duryea in the western Night Passage.^[151]

Murphy was featured in three westerns in 1959: he starred opposite Sandra Dee in The Wild and the Innocent,^[152] collaborated as an uncredited co-producer with Walter Mirisch on the black and white Bandage a Long Shadow, and performed as a hired killer in No Proper noun on the Bullet, a film that was well received by critics.^[153] Thelma Ritter was his costar in the 1960 Startime television episode "The Man".^[154] During the early on 1960s, Murphy donated his time and otherwise lent his proper name and image for iii episodes of The Big Pic television series produced by the United States Army. He received the 1960 Outstanding Civilian Service Medal for his cooperation in the episode Broken Span, which featured his visits to military installations in Germany, Italy, Turkey and the U.Due south. country of New Mexico to showcase the armed forces's latest weaponry.^{[155] [156]}

Writer Clair Huffaker wrote the 1961 screenplays for Murphy's films Seven Ways from Sundown and Posse from Hell.^[157] Willard W. Willingham and his married woman Mary Willingham befriended Murphy in his early days in Hollywood and worked with him on a number of projects.^{[158] [159] [160]}

Willard was a producer on Tater's 1961 television series Whispering Smith,^[161] and co-wrote the screenplay for Boxing at Bloody Beach that year.^[162] He collaborated on Bullet for a Badman ^[163] in 1964 and Arizona Raiders in 1965.^[164] The Willinghams every bit a team wrote the screenplay for Gunpoint ^[165] also equally the script for Potato'south terminal starring lead in the western forty Guns to Apache Pass in 1967.^[166] Tater fabricated Torso to Cairo in Israel in 1966.^[167]

He first met managing director Budd Boetticher when Irish potato requested to be his battle partner at Terry Hunt's Athletic Club.^[168] He after appeared in the 1951 title role of Boetticher's first western The Cimarron Child.^[169] Boetticher wrote the script in 1969 for Murphy's last moving picture, A Fourth dimension for Dying.^[170] Two other projects that Murphy and Boetticher planned to collaborate on – A Equus caballus for Mr Barnum and When In that location's Sumpthin' to Do – never came to fruition.^[171]

Personal life

Murphy married actress Wanda Hendrix in 1949.^[172] Their divorce became terminal two years later in 1951.^[173] Four days later, he married one-time airline stewardess Pamela Opal Lee Archer (7 October 1919/1920/1923 – viii April 2010), with whom^[174] he had two sons: Terry Michael (born 14 March 1952),^{[175] [176]} and James Shannon (born 1954).^[177]

Spud bred quarter horses at the Audie Murphy Ranch in what is now Menifee, California, and the Tater Ranch in Pima County, Arizona.^{[ALM x]}

His horses raced at the Del Mar Racetrack, and he invested large sums of coin in the hobby.^[180] Murphy'southward gambling left his finances in a poor state. In 1968, he stated that he lost $260,000 in an Algerian oil deal and was dealing with the Internal Acquirement Service over unpaid taxes.^[181] In spite of his financial difficulties, Tater refused to appear in commercials for booze and cigarettes, mindful of the influence he would have on the youth market.^[182]

In May 1970, he was arrested in Burbank, California, charged with battery and assault with intent to commit murder in a dispute with a dog trainer. He was accused of firing a shot at the human, which he denied.^{[183] [184]} Murphy was cleared of the charges.^[185]

Death and commemorations

On 28 May 1971, Murphy was killed when the private plane in which he was a passenger crashed into Brush Mountain, nearly Catawba, Virginia, xx miles (32 km) west of Roanoke in weather of pelting, clouds, fog and goose egg visibility.^[186] The pilot and four other passengers were also killed.^[187]

The aircraft was a twin-engine Aero Commander 680 flown by a pilot who had a individual-airplane pilot license and a reported viii,000 hours of flight time, but who held no instrument rating. The aircraft was recovered on 31 May.^[188] Subsequently her husband's expiry, Pamela Murphy moved into a small apartment and got a clerk position at the Sepulveda Veterans Assistants Hospital in Los Angeles, where she remained employed for 35 years.^[189]

Monument at the site of the Virginia plane crash in which Audie Tater was killed

On 7 June 1971, Murphy was cached with armed forces honors at Arlington National Cemetery.^[190] In attendance were Ambassador to the U.N. George H. Due west. Bush, Army Main of Staff William Westmoreland, and many of the 3rd Infantry Division.^[191] Murphy's gravesite is in Section 46, headstone number 46-366-11, located across Memorial Drive from the Amphitheater. A special flagstone walkway was later on constructed to accommodate the big number of people who visit to pay their respects. It is the cemetery's second most-visited gravesite, afterward that of President John F. Kennedy.^[192]

The headstones of Medal of Honor recipients buried at Arlington National Cemetery are unremarkably decorated in gold leaf. Murphy previously requested that his stone remain plain and inconspicuous, similar that of an ordinary soldier.^[193] The headstone contains the birth yr 1924, based upon purportedly falsified materials amid his armed services records.^[194]

In 1974, a large granite mark was erected simply off the Appalachian Trail at 37°21′52″N lxxx°13′33″W  /  37.364554°Northward lxxx.225748°Due west  / 37.364554; -eighty.225748  (Audie Irish potato monument) at iii,100' meridian, near the crash site.^[195]

In 1975, a court awarded Spud's widow, Pamela, and their two children $two.5 1000000 in amercement because of the accident.^[196]

Civilian honors were bestowed on Spud during his lifetime and posthumously, including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.^[197] In 2013, Murphy was honored by his dwelling country with the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor.^{[ALM xi]}

In 2014, the metal band Sabaton released a song titled "To Hell and Back" in reference to Audie Murphy and his moving-picture show, on their anthology Heroes.^[202]

Vocal writing

David McClure, his collaborator on the book To Hell and Dorsum, discovered Murphy'south talent for poesy during their work on the memoir when he plant discarded verses in Potato's Hollywood apartment. One of those poems, "The Crosses Grow on Anzio", appears in To Hell and Back attributed to a soldier named Kerrigan. Merely ii others survived, "Solitary and Far Removed" and "Freedom Flies in Your Eye Like an Eagle". The latter was function of a spoken language Murphy had written at a 1968 dedication of the Alabama State of war Memorial in Montgomery, and afterwards set to music by Scott Turner under the title "Dusty Onetime Helmet".^[203]

Murphy was a fan of country music, in detail Bob Wills and Chet Atkins, just was not a vocaliser or musician himself.^[204] Through his friend Guy Mitchell, Spud was introduced to songwriter Scott Turner in 1961.^{[205] [206]} The two collaborated on numerous songs between 1962 and 1970, the about successful of which was "Shutters and Boards" and "When the Current of air Blows in Chicago".^[207]

Notes

Footnotes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Spud's son Terry is the President of the Audie Murphy Enquiry Foundation, which in both its biographical sketch and Potato Family Tree list his twelvemonth of nativity as 1925.^[3] Murphy'due south date of birth has been given as both 1924 and 1925 by Murphy himself. He seemed to go back and forth on the dates for the rest of his life. His sis, Mrs. Corinne Burns, equally his nearest living kin, had signed a notarized document attesting to the birth date of xx June 1924 that Tater put on his enlistment application, falsifying his yr of birth and so he could see the U.S. Ground forces historic period qualification for enlistment. Later, all war machine records bear witness the purportedly falsified appointment as his birth appointment.^[4] His California driver'south license showed a nascence date of 1925.^{[5] [6]}
2. ^ Alien information exists as to Tater's engagement and place of enlistment. The Audie 50. Murphy Memorial website has scanned documents from the U.Due south. National Archives and Records Administration that include Corinne Burns' statement and Tater's "Consecration Record", which shows him "Enlisted at Dallas, Texas" on xxx June 1942, and the line to a higher place it says "Accepted for service at Greenville, Texas". The National Annals of Historic Places Listing added the Greenville post office every bit historic site number 74002081 in 1974, citing it as Murphy's identify of enlistment, perchance referring to the human action the military termed "Accepted for service". The NRHP besides shows his enlistment date as 20 June 1942 which might exist the date he was accustomed for service.^{[13] [15] [16] [17] [18]}
3. ^ Murphy'southward war service was combat-related. Therefore, he did not receive the not-combat Soldier's Medal. Deed of Congress (Public Law 446–69th Congress, two July 1926 (44 Stat. 780) established the Soldier'southward Medal for heroism "every bit defined in ten USC 101(d), at the time of the heroic human activity who distinguished himself or herself by heroism not involving actual combat with the enemy.")^[86] At the end of his World War Ii service, White potato became known every bit America's most decorated soldier.^[87]
4. ^ The Officers' Reserve Corps was originally 1 of several units of the United states Organized Reserve that besides included the Enlisted Reserve Corps, Reserve Officers' Training Corps and the Noncombatant Conservation Corps. The Organized Reserve was restructured during the Korean War and renamed the United States Army Reserve. The new structure was divided into the Gear up Reserve, Standby Reserve and Retired Reserve.^{[88] [92]}
5. ^ The exact count on the number of characteristic films Murphy made varies by source. The Hollywood Walk of Fame and other sources put his total number of feature films at 44.^[116]
6. ^ Henry Fleming is the Youth in Stephen Crane's novel. In the 1951 flick, Fleming is played past Irish potato as the unnamed character "The Youth". Notwithstanding, Fleming is addressed by proper name when other characters are speaking to him.^[132]
7. ^ YouTube has several uploaded versions of the 5-minute What's My Line segment that features Spud as the mystery invitee. Listed as Episode dated 3 July 1955 at IMDb
8. ^ 56-minute uploaded on YouTube as Audie Murphy Attends Beverly Hilton 1000 Opening 1955. He appears at 28:48 and briefly talks with Hedda Hopper nigh how he one time gave his medals away just had them replaced past the U.S. Ground forces.
9. ^ Alden Pyle is the American in Graham Greene's novel. In the 1958 motion-picture show, Pyle is played by Murphy every bit the unnamed grapheme "The American".^[148]
10. ^ The Audie L. Irish potato Memorial Website has user-generated information on an Arizona quarter horse ranch Tater purchased in 1956 and sold to Guy Mitchell in 1958.^[178] While not stating that the apply of Tater's name and image were authorized by his estate, the website of the Menifee residential development Audie Irish potato Ranch claims it is the location of the ranch Murphy endemic in California.^[179] Menifee was incorporated in 2008 and borders the community of Perris.
11. ^ The bodily accolade was presented by Governor Rick Perry to Potato's family on 29 October 2013 at a anniversary in Farmersville, Texas.^{[198] [199] [200] [201]}

Citations

1. ^ ^{a b} Reyna, Charmaine (25 January 2013). "Lead From The Front: Sergeant Audie Murphy Study Guide" (PDF). Fort Lee. pp. xx–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 20 Feb 2017.
2. ^ Audie White potato's Medal of Honor commendation (War Section Go 45, 9 August 1945)
3. ^ "BIOGRAPHY A short biographical sketch". Audie 50. Tater Memorial Website. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
4. ^ "Scan of original Application for Degrees, North. Hollywood Freemasons" (PDF). Audie Fifty. Murphy Memorial Website. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
5. ^ "Browse of charred California driver's license for Audie Murphy, recovered from crash site after his death" (PDF). Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
6. ^ ^{a b c d} "Browse of service records 1942–1971" (PDF). Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
7. ^ Graham 1989, p. five.
8. ^ ^{a b} Irish potato 2002, pp. iv–seven.
9. ^ "Celeste, Texas". Texas Historical Committee. Archived from the original on four March 2016. Retrieved 12 Oct 2013.
10. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 28.
11. ^ ^{a b} Murphy 2002, p. 7.
12. ^ Pocket-sized, David (12 June 2010). "Boles Domicile". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Clan. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
13. ^ ^{a b c d} Tate 2006, pp. 152–63.
14. ^ Murphy 2002, p. 143.
15. ^ "Scan of Audie Murphy's Service Record book" (PDF). Audie Fifty. Tater Memorial Website.
16. ^ "NRHP Greenville Post Part". Texas Historical Committee. Archived from the original on iv March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
17. ^ "The Quondam Greenville Post Office". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
18. ^ Graham 1989, pp. 23, 24.
19. ^ Graham 1989, p. 29.
20. ^ Graham 1989, pp. 33–34.
21. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 49.
22. ^ Graham 1989, p. 36.
23. ^ Champagne 2008, p. 41.
24. ^ "To Bizerte with the II Corps, 23 April-13 May 1943, the Second Phase". Center of Military History United states Regular army. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
25. ^ Champagne 2008, p. 45.
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30. ^ "Sicily 1943". CMH Pub 72-16. Heart of Military History United States Army. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
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46. ^ ^{a b c d} Tanber, George Thousand. (5 May 2005). "Who Had More Medals? Depends on Who's Counting". Toledo Bract. p. iii. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
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51. ^ ^{a b c} Brinkley 2004, p. 191.
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53. ^ ^{a b} "Southern France". CMH Pub 72-31. Centre of Military History Usa Army. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
54. ^ ^{a b c} Hollen, Staff Sergeant Norman (December 1944). Argument describing Irish potato'southward August 15, 1944 deportment near Ramatuelle, France. File Unit: Official Armed forces Personnel File of Audie Spud, 1942–1945. U.South. National Archives and Records Assistants ARC Identifier 299779. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
55. ^ Clarke & Smith 1993, p. 166.
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65. ^ Clarke & Smith 1993, p. 533.
66. ^ Graham 1989, p. 86.
67. ^ Clarke & Smith 1993, pp. 543–44.
68. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 153.
69. ^ Graham 1989, p. 88.
70. ^ ^{a b} Abramski, Pvt. First Class Anthony V. (27 February 1945). Statement describing White potato's 26 January 1945 deportment at Holtzwihr. File Unit: Official Military machine Personnel File of Audie White potato, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299775.
71. ^ Weispfenning, First Lieutenant Walter W. (eighteen April 1945). Statement describing Murphy's January 26, 1945 actions at Holtzwihr. File Unit: Official Armed forces Personnel File of Audie Tater, 1942–1945. U.Due south. National Athenaeum and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299785.
72. ^ Ware, Kenneth L. (xviii Apr 1945). Statement describing Murphy's January 26, 1945 deportment at Holtzwihr. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 19421945. U.S. National Athenaeum and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299784.
73. ^ "The Cost of Freedom: Audie Irish potato's Medal of Honor Commendation". Smithsonian Museum of Natural History . Retrieved 14 October 2020.
74. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 164.
75. ^ Graham 1989, p. 95.
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77. ^ Graham 1989, p. 96.
78. ^ ^{a b c d} "The Cost of Freedom: Americans at War". Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
79. ^ Dept. of Defence force (19 July 1948). Award of the "Au Class De Chevalier" for Spud's exceptional services rendered during operations to liberate French republic., 07/19/1948. File Unit: Official War machine Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Athenaeum and Records Assistants ARC Identifier 299781.
80. ^ Dept. of Defence (sixteen Apr 1945). De La Croix De Guerre Honor for White potato'south services rendered during operations to liberate French republic. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Assistants ARC Identifier 299782.
81. ^ ^{a b} Simpson 1975, p. 410.
82. ^ Edson, Lt. Colonel Hallet D. (17 Feb 1945). Recommendation from Lt. Colonel Hallet D. Edson, 15th Infantry, to Award of Medal of Accolade to Lieutenant Audie L. Murphy. File Unit: Official War machine Personnel File of Audie White potato, 1942–1945. U.South. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299777.
83. ^ Lovett, Brigadier General R.B. (12 Apr 1945). Recommendation from Brigadier Full general R.B. Lovett, to Lieutenant General A.M. Patch, for Audie L. Murphy to be awarded the Medal of Honor and General Patch's approval. File Unit of measurement: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Athenaeum and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299783.
84. ^ Willbanks 2011, p. 234.
85. ^ "'War' excerpt almost Staff Sgt. Salvatore Giunta's deportment". Stars and Stripes. 10 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Oettinger, Callie (26 Jan 2011). Focus on Audie White potato. Command Posts. MacMillan. Archived from the original on 26 February 2011.
86. ^ "Soldier's Medal" (PDF). U.S. Army Regulation 600-8-22: Military Awards. Department of the Army Administrative Publications. 23 June 2013. chapter 2, department 2, three–14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2013.
87. ^ ^{a b} "Life Visits Audie Murphy". Life. sixteen July 1945. pp. 94–97.
88. ^ ^{a b c} "Scan of service records 1953–1971" (PDF). Audie L. Potato Memorial Website. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
89. ^ Graham 1989, p. 127.
90. ^ Spiller & Dawson 2010, pp. 137–54, chpt Man Against Fire: Audie Murphy and His War.
91. ^ "Scan of Audie L. Murphy signed request for his Good Deport Medal, addressed to the Commanding Officer at Fort Sam Houston" (PDF). Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. 21 August 1945.
92. ^ "Army Reserve, a Concise History" (PDF). United States Army Reserve. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2014. Retrieved sixteen April 2014.
93. ^ Murphy 2002, pp. 122–24.
94. ^ Whiting 2001, p. 224.
95. ^ Redfern 2007, pp. 67, 68.
96. ^ Redfern 2007, pp. 65, 67–68.
97. ^ Curtis & Golenbock 2009, p. 119.
98. ^ Graham 1989, p. 183.
99. ^ Murphy 2002, p. 125.
100. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 373–76.
101. ^ Redfern 2007, p. 60.
102. ^ Rosen 2012, pp. 149–51.
103. ^ O'Reilly 2010, pp. 163–65.
104. ^ "Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Infirmary". U.S. Department of Veterans Diplomacy. Retrieved 11 Jan 2014.
105. ^ "About the South Texas Veterans Wellness Care System (STVHCS)". U.Southward. Section of Veterans Diplomacy. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
106. ^ Teague, Congressman Olin (13 October 1971). "Designating the Veteran's Administration Hospital in San Antonio Texas As the Audie L. Murphy Veterans' Memorial Hospital". Congressional Record. Washington, D.C.: Audie L. Potato Memorial Website.
107. ^ Dawson III, Joseph G. (xv June 2010). "30-Sixth Infantry Division". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
108. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 340–41.
109. ^ "Audie Murphy's Commissioning Oath of Office paperwork" (PDF). NARA service document.
110. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 342.
111. ^ Simpson, Harold B (15 June 2010). "Audie Leon Murphy". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Clan.
112. ^ Graham 1989, p. 194.
113. ^ Tate 2006, pp. 157–58.
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115. ^ "Scan of Retired Reserve request" (PDF). Audie 50. Murphy Memorial Website. 18 April 1969.
116. ^ "Audie Murphy profile". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Retrieved thirty Dec 2013.
117. ^ Graham 1989, pp. 128–47.
118. ^ Graham 1989, pp. 222–23.
119. ^ Graham 1989, pp. 147, 148.
120. ^ Nott 2005, pp. 1–3, 42–57, 111–12.
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130. ^ Graham 1989, p. 348.
131. ^ Ross 1997, p. 100.
132. ^ Mauldin, Nib (11 June 1971). "Parting Shots". LIFE. Vol. 70, no. 22. p. 77.
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143. ^ Message to TAGO from H.D. Kight, Public Information Division, detailing an appearance on the Ed Sullivan Testify by Audie 50. White potato. File Unit: Official War machine Personnel File of Audie Tater, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299780. 24 September 1955.
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145. ^ Graham 1989, p. 263.
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147. ^ Graham 1989, pp. 263, 268.
148. ^ DiLeo 2004, p. 253.
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182. ^ Scott, Vernon (22 September 1968). "Onetime Hero Audie Murphy is At present Broke and in Debt". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. p. viii.
183. ^ "War Hero Murhphy: I Didn't Have Gun". The Miami Herald. United Press International. five June 1970. p. 155. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
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185. ^ "Almanac". Pittsburgh Post - Gazette. Pittsburgh, Pa., U.s.. 28 May 1995. p. 2. ISSN 1068-624X. ProQuest 391908235. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
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References

• Basinger, Jeanine; Arnold, Jeremy (2003). The World War 2 Combat Pic: Anatomy of a Genre . Wesleyan Academy Press. ISBN978-0-8195-6623-2.
• Boggs, Johnny D (2011). Jesse James and the Movies. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN978-0-7864-4788-6.
• Brinkley, Douglas (2004). The World State of war 2 Desk Reference. Collins Reference. ISBN978-0-06-052651-1.
• Cavileer, Sharon (2013). Virginia Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff. Globe Pequot Press. ISBN978-0-7627-9520-8.
• Champagne, Daniel R (2008). Dogface Soldiers: The Story of B Company, 15th Regiment, third Infantry Segmentation: from Fedala to Salzburg, Audie Potato and His Brothers in Arms. Merriam Press. ISBN978-1-4357-5767-7.
• Clarke, Jeffrey J; Smith, Robert Ross (1993). Riviera to the Rhine. United States Army in World State of war Ii. Middle of Armed forces History, U.s.a. Army. ISBN978-0-16-025966-one.
• Cozad, W. Lee (2006). More Magnificent Mountain Movies. Sunstroke Media. ISBN978-0-9723372-3-vi.
• Curtis, Tony; Golenbock, Peter (2009). American Prince: A Memoir. Three Rivers Printing. ISBN978-0-307-40856-3.
• DiLeo, John (2004). 100 Great Movie Performances You Should Remember – But Probably Don't. Limelight Editions. ISBN978-0-87910-972-1.
• Fredriksen, John C. (2010). The Us Army: A Chronology, 1775 to the Present. ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1-59884-344-vi.
• Gossett, Sue (1996). The Films and Career of Audie White potato. Empire Publishing. ISBN978-0-944019-22-1.
• Graham, Don (1989). No Name on the Bullet. Viking. ISBN978-0-670-81511-1.
• Herzberg, Bob (2005). Shooting Scripts. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN978-0-7864-2173-2.
• Huebner, Andrew J (2007). The Warrior Image: Soldiers in American Civilization from the Second World War to the Vietnam Era. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN978-0-8078-3144-1.
• Lewis, C. Jack (2002). White Horse, Black Lid: A Quarter Century on Hollywood's Poverty Row. Scarecrow Printing. ISBN978-0-8108-4358-5.
• Lucas, John Meredyth (2004). 80 Odd Years in Hollywood: Memoir of a Career in Picture show and Television. McFarland & Visitor, Inc. ISBN978-0-7864-1838-1.
• Maltin, Leonard (2008). Leonard Maltin's 2009 Flick Guide. Plume. ISBN978-0-452-28978-9.
• Maslowski, Peter; Winslow, Don (2005). Looking for a Hero: Staff Sergeant Joe Ronnie Hooper and the Vietnam War. Academy of Nebraska Printing. ISBN978-0-8032-3244-0.
• Murphy, Audie (2002) [First published 1949]. To Hell and Back. Henry Holt and Co. ISBN978-0-8050-7086-6.
• Niemi, Robert (2006). History in the Media: Picture And Television. ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-ane-57607-952-2.
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• Spiller, Roger J; Dawson, Joseph G (2010). The Texas Military Experience: From the Texas Revolution Through Globe War Two. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN978-1-60344-197-i.
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• Willbanks, James H (2011). America's heroes: Medal of Honor Recipients from the Ceremonious War to Afghanistan . ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1-59884-394-one.
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Further reading

• Smith, David A. (2015). The Price of Valor: The Life of Audie Murphy, America'south Most Decorated Hero of Globe War Ii. Regnery History. ISBN978-1-62157-317-3.

External links

• Audie Murphy at IMDb
• Epitome of Audie Spud with unidentified man during screen exam in Los Angeles, California, 1946. Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, Academy of California, Los Angeles.

Who Is The Most Highly Decorated Soldier In Us History?,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audie_Murphy

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